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Obsolete Occupations of the Netherlands

© Cor Snabel

Pharmacist (apotheker)

Till the 17th century the physician and the pharmacist were member of the guild of the hawkers, so they were of humble descent. Only in 1638 they were allowed to form their own guilds. Before the pharmacist could start his practice, the city-physicians and board of the guild examined him on his knowledge of Latin, herbs and the production of powders and ointments. If he passed these exams he had to pay a few hundred guilders (a years pay for a common laborer) to the guild and for the herb-garden.

Herbs were the main ingredients for the 17th century drugs. A lot of the knowledge about the use of particular herbs originated from ancient times. Not all prescribed recipes had the healing effect the physicians and pharmacists thought it would have; blessed thistle for instance did not have any effect on diabetics. Yarrow however, was an excellent cure to stop bleeding, and they already knew, that tea made of the flowers of the Golden Rod eased the pain of someone who was suffering from gout or rheumatism and pure Horse Radish was used as painkiller for arthritis. One leaf of Pellitory each day was enough to stop migraine and Klammath Weed calmed down stressed and mentally disordered people, it “chased away the devil”. Yarrow and Marigold were the ingredients for an ointment against festering wounds and eczema. The pharmacist took some pigs fat and added as much flowers of both plants as possible and heated it for about half an hour on a low fire. Then it was left for a fortnight, the fat was melted and the flowers were strained out. After it had cooled down the medicine was ready. Thorn Apple is a real witch-herb; it is very toxic. Inhaling the vapors of the dried plant helped asthmatics to breath.

If you want to see a picture of the pharmacist go to: http://www.geneaknowhow.net/in/beroepen/luyken/apotheker.html

>Choose from the following ancient occupations

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