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New Netherland, New York Genealogy
Obsolete Occupations of the Netherlands
© Cor Snabel
Pharmacist (apotheker)
Till the 17th century the physician and the pharmacist were
member of the guild of the hawkers, so they were of humble
descent. Only in 1638 they were allowed to form their own
guilds. Before the pharmacist could start his practice, the
city-physicians and board of the guild examined him on his
knowledge of Latin, herbs and the production of powders and
ointments. If he passed these exams he had to pay a few
hundred guilders (a years pay for a common laborer) to the
guild and for the herb-garden.
Herbs were the main ingredients for the 17th century drugs.
A lot of the knowledge about the use of particular herbs
originated from ancient times. Not all prescribed recipes
had the healing effect the physicians and pharmacists
thought it would have; blessed thistle for instance did not
have any effect on diabetics. Yarrow however, was an
excellent cure to stop bleeding, and they already knew, that
tea made of the flowers of the Golden Rod eased the pain of
someone who was suffering from gout or rheumatism and pure
Horse Radish was used as painkiller for arthritis. One leaf
of Pellitory each day was enough to stop migraine and
Klammath Weed calmed down stressed and mentally disordered
people, it “chased away the devil”. Yarrow and Marigold were
the ingredients for an ointment against festering wounds and
eczema. The pharmacist took some pigs fat and added as much
flowers of both plants as possible and heated it for about
half an hour on a low fire. Then it was left for a
fortnight, the fat was melted and the flowers were strained
out. After it had cooled down the medicine was ready. Thorn
Apple is a real witch-herb; it is very toxic. Inhaling the
vapors of the dried plant helped asthmatics to breath.
If you want to see a picture of the pharmacist go to:
http://www.geneaknowhow.net/in/beroepen/luyken/apotheker.html
>Choose from the following ancient occupations
Baker |
Beachcomber |
Beguine |
Candlemaker |
Dumpman |
Executioner |
Fanmaker |
Fireman |
Gravedigger |
Innkeeper |
Laundrywoman |
Nightwatch |
Peddlar |
Porter |
Seat Caretaker |
Ship Shanghai |
Soapmaker |
Streetpaver |
Tolltaker |
Pharmacist
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