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Obsolete Occupations of the Netherlands

© Cor Snabel
The fan was originally invented to keep away the flies or just to fan one self. Soon it became a valuable and useful object for the ladies.

Fan maker (waaiermaker)

Originally fans were manufactured mainly in France and only after the retract of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 the French fan makers spread out over Northern Europe. Most of them went to England and only a few settled in Holland. Fan making has never become a flourishing trade in Holland, everyone was allowed to manufacture and sell them. In England a fan maker’s guild was founded in 1709 and it had a few hundred members. But the guild members could not stop the import of the far more elegant French fans, which were painted much finer. They started to copy the Chinese fans and these imitations became such a success, that even France started importing them.

The first folding fan was introduced in Europe in the 16th century and became very popular. The ladies had fans for every special occasion: mourning fans were sold in large amounts, for the interim phase there was the “light” mourning fan and they had for instance the wedding fan and the church fan. The wedding fan was richly painted with the suitable allegorical scenes and decorated with gold and silver, the fan sticks made of ivory. The church fans however were sober; don’t forget in the Reformed Church every finery was prohibited. The ladies used the fan for several purposes; to hide their bad breath or brown teeth, but also for communication (read flirtation). Almost every movement with the fan had a special meaning, from “I love you” to “I love someone else” and from “kiss me” to “that is the limit”. The fan making could be divided in several trades; the ivory worker who made the fan sticks, the miniature painter, the actual fan maker (mostly women), who folded and assembled the fan and occasionally the gold- and silversmith. The fans were sold by the ivory workers, along with luxury utensils, like ivory buttons, silk gloves and turtle or ivory inlayed snuffboxes.

>Choose from the following ancient occupations

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